Infectious Diseases

Epidemiology & Transmission:

Direct transmission of infections depends on the frequency of contact between susceptible and infectious individuals, and as a result, on population density and population mixing. As in the case of rabies, direct zoonotic disease transmission necessitates contact between animal hosts and people, but transmission can also go both ways. The danger of transmission from livestock or pets to their owners rises due to close contact, and the rising trade associated with exotic pet demand raises the risk of the introduction of new infections. Pathogens that are found in food and water are the main cause of the billions of instances of diarrhoea that happen each year. Increases in food-borne transmission may be a result of the challenges associated with treating animal waste safely, as several zoonotic pathogens may originate from this. This is a challenge for industrialized systems as well as small-scale farms where there may be no manure management methods at all due to the large volume of manure produced each day. Future water pollution and water shortages may also raise the likelihood that food safety will decline.