Global Experts Meeting on Infectious Diseases September 03-04, 2018 Tokyo,Japan

Biography:

Dr. Tsyrlov has been serving as president/CSO of XENOTOX Inc, USA, since 2005. He had completed his MD (1970), PhD in Biochemistry (1973) and DSci in Molecular Toxicology (1983). He has been working as Group leader, Head of the laboratory, Department chair at Russian Academy of Science.  In the United States, served as a Senior Scientist at NCI, NIH, and Professor at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Incepted and developed the Xenobiotical Virology as an interdisciplinary biomedical field. He is the author of 4 monographs and 250+ peer reviewed publications.

Abstract:

Human common viruses are suggested target genes of host cell dioxin receptor transcriptional (AhR-Arnt) complex initially proven to upregulate mammalian genes containing dioxin-responsive elements (DRE). The concept of Xenobiotical Virology emerged from our discovery of transactivation of HIV-1 and HBV by the most potent xenobiotic, dioxin, which bioaccumulates and has estimation half-life in humans of up to 10 yr. Noteworthy, transactivation of CMV was demonstrated with 0.1-0.3 ppt dioxin, lower than its current background level in general population (~3.0 ppt). In this study, a computational search for DRE in HSV-1 genes was performed by SITECON, a tool recognizing transcriptional factor binding sites. Detection of HSV-1 titres and viral DNA in dioxin-treated target cells were determined by plaque assay and hybridization/PCR, respectively. Clinical and epidemiological links were analysed. Eventually, within five HSV-1 genes, including critical immediate-early (IE) ones, SITECON detected 7 to 8 potentially active DREs in the regulatory regions. Adjoining  DRE numbers for HSV-1 and CMV makes HSV-1 the most susceptible candidate virus to be augmented with body burden dioxin. The latter was proven by multi-fold elevation caused by 1.0 ppt dioxin of HSV-1 titers and viral DNA contents in dioxin-treated murine Apoe(-/-) astrocytes, monkey primary astrocytes and human astrocytoma U-87MG cells. Astrocyte models were chosen, as HSV-1 is linked to Alzheimer disease, where earlier amyloid plaques and their development intimately linked to activated astrocytes. It is postulated that a chance for latent HSV-1 to be activated by bodily dioxin is determined by the extent of AhR expression, which varied 15-20 times from person to person.

Biography:

Professor Tianhua Huang has been engaged in vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) via germline and its mechanism for more than 20 years.He has published more than 200 research articles. For his distinguished achievement, he received 4 academic awards issued by the National Health and Family Planning Commission and Provincial Government, China. In 2006 he won the second place of the 7^th ROYAN International Research Award in Tehran Iran.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genes are able to integrate into sperm genome and can transcribe viral mRNA in spermatozoa. Sperm nucleus contains diverse RNA populations. We explored whether HBV genes could be transmitted vertically via patients’ spermatozoa and aimed to screen and identify host microRNAs regulating HBV gene expression in spermatozoa and sperm-derived embryos. Methodology & findings: Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, positive signals for HBV DNA were detected in both nuclei of 2-cell embryos derived from patients’ spermatozoa but not in control embryos. There was a significant difference in the percentage of embryos with positive signals between the test and control groups. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), positive bands for HBV S and X genes were observed only in the test group but not in controls. Using immunofluorescence assays, clear HBV surface antigen signals were detected in the cytoplasm of embryos derived from patients’ spermatozoa but not in those derived from donor spermatozoa. Using microarrays, 336 miRs were found to be differentially expressed. After validation using real-time quantitative RT–PCR (RT-qPCR), four miRs were selected as targets. Using RT–qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, when patients’ spermatozoa were treated with mimics or inhibitors specific for hsa-miR-19a-3p and hsa-miR-29c-3p, the S gene transcription in spermatozoa and translation in sperm-derived embryos was downregulated or upregulated. There were significant differences in transcriptional and translational levels of the S gene between the test and control groups.

Biography:

Dr Sunil Palchaudhuri,Ph.D,D.Sc  is Professor of Immunology and Microbiology at the WSU School of Medicine, USA for 36 years after his Postdoctoral training In Canada (NRC Scholarship) and NIH Post doctoral fellowship at NYU School of Medicine with Professor WK Maas.  He was awarded the New York State Irma T Hirschl Career Scientist Award in 1975-1980 and was Fogarty Senior International Fellow, 1984 to work on an epidemic in Kolkata caused by an antibiotic resistant strain of Shigella dysenteriae. He was Fulbright visiting Professor, in 1993-1994 in School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata with Mother Teresa to develop an early detection technique for children leprosy. Reviewer in USA NIH Committees. J. Bact. Editorial board. Published extensively in international journals of repute - J. Mol. Biol., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, J. Bact., etc. Currently preparing manuscripts on antibiotic resistance crisis, transposons and bacterial diseases.

Abstract:

Professor J Lederberg’s F plasmid is evolved in his laboratory strain of E. coli K-12 in 1952. In 1960 antibiotic resistance crisis is reported in a renowned hospital in Tokyo. Ampicillin is not helping the patients with Shigellosis. Extensive research showed that presence of self-transmissible antiobiotic resistance plasmid R in S. flexnerii is responsible for such crisis. Question arises, where does this R plasmid come from (R100, R6-5, R1)? Comparison between R6-5 with Dr. Lederberg’s E. coli K-12 fertility factor F may provide an answer. These two plasmids are self-transmissble and they differ only by 9 base pairs in the repA region containing dnaA gene which is directly involved in initiation of DNA replication. Above all, F plasmid carries two types of mobile DNA elements (Insertion sequences or IS elements IS2, IS3 and transposon Tn1000). The Type II F-prime KLF5 carrying E. coli K12 chromosomal operons is formed by a non-homologous recombination via Tn1000 (gamma-delta). Professor W. K. Maas and his associates B Low and Sunil Palchaudhuri have analysed an unstable F-prime factor KLF5 isolated from the unstable Hfr Ra-2. Such instability is therefore inherited but it is not desirable in Eukaryotes. Unfortunately, emergence of new diseases may result from such spread of transposons. In in vitro gene cloning experiments we have already used antibiotic resistance plasmid R6-5 and a cloning vector pBR322, both carrying Tn1000. It is likely that we have already spread Tn1000 globally and therefore we should think of a measure of how to contain this spread.

Biography:

Abstract:

The prevalence of two gastrointestinal parasites the Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia parasites and their impact on some blood parameters i.e. packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb%) and total protein (TP) of a total 780 patients (children and adults) admitted to Samarra General Hospital was assessed. Samples of fresh feces collected in normal physiological saline and examined using Olympic microscopes. The frequency of the parasite E. histolytica was 12.8% (46.3% male and 53.6% female). The highest frequency of infection of E. histolytica (13.8%) was found at age group (1-5 years old) followed by <1 year old children while the lowest (7.4%) was at ages (>41 years old). The highest rate of infection (33.9%) was found in September and the lowest (2.2%) in January. Similarly, the general infection frequency of the parasite G. lamblia was 3.9% with the highest rate at ages 1-20 years old and the lowest rate was 7.3% for >50 years old. The monthly, highest rate of infection (5.2%) was in August and least (2.2%) in January (2.2%). The frequency of total protein (TPD) in the blood relevant to the presence of parasite E. histolytica and G. lamblia was 4.6% and 1%, respectively. It is concluded that the above two parasites are the most common gastrointestinal parasite in Iraq which their pathogenesis is likely to There has been irrelevant escalate during the summer seasons and at low hygienic services environment. to neither anemia nor to total protein deficiency. It is recommended that Ministry of Health in Iraq should not share the global idea of defining the giardiasis as a neglected disease.
 

Biography:

Anat is an associate professor at Tel Aviv University, Israel. She received her Ph.D. from the Weizmann Institute of science in Israel, in 2003. She carried out postdoctoral research at University of California Berkeley, USA, working on Listeria monocytogenes and its interaction with the mammalian innate immune system. She joined the Tel Aviv university at 2008, and research in her laboratory focuses on understanding the impact of host–pathogen and host-pathogen-phage interactions on L. monocytogenes virulence. Anat published 24 papers in highly reputed journals and she is curently serving as the president of the Israeli society of microbiology.
 

Abstract:

The human bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes harbors a prophage within its genome, which is known to reproduce by both lytic and lysogenic cycles. We have previously shown that this prophage adopted an unusual behavior when L. monocytogenes infect mammalian cells. During macrophage cells infection the prophage, which is inserted within comK gene, excises its genome leaving an intact comK gene that is necessary to facilitate bacterial phagosomal escape. Prophage excision occurs preferentially within phagosomes, yet, unlike classic prophage induction, progeny virions are not produced and bacterial lysis does not occur. These observations insinuate a unique adaptation of the prophage to the intracellular life style of its host, demonstrating a mechanism by which the prophage turns itself into a genetic switch to support the virulence of its host. We are currently investigating the give-and-take interactions of L. monocytogenes with its prophage during mammalian cell infection, deciphering the molecular mechanisms that control its intracellular excision and maintenance. A search for phage genes that are specifically induced during macrophage cells infection and not during lysogenic of lytic conditions pointed out several genes and non-coding RNAs as regulators of the phage intracellular behavior. New data will be presented.

Biography:

Magdalena Radwanska obtained her PhD from the Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium. She has an extensive scientific expertise in molecular diagnostics, B cell biology, and vaccine development against various infectious diseases. She is a postdoctoral fellow of the Tufts/Cummings University, MA, USA and the University of Cape Town, South Africa. She served as a senior R&D manager at the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND) in Geneva, Switzerland, supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. She is currently an Associate Professor at the Ghent University Belgium and Ghent University Global Campus in South Korea.

Abstract:

African trypanosomes maintain chronic infections by various evasion strategies. While antigenic variation of their Variant Specific Glycoprotein (VSG) surface coat is the most studied strategy linked to evading the host humoral response, African trypanosomes also induce impaired B-cell lymphopoiesis, destruction of the B-cell compartment and abrogation of memory responses.

At the level of both the immature transitional B-cell compartment and the marginal zone B-cells, infection-induced B-cell cell death in part is due to direct cell-cell contact as it can be inhibited by anti-tryponsome surface nanobodies or by physically separating trypanosomes from B-cells in a trans-well co-culture system. Here, induction of Capsase 3 activation is directly linked to the death of these cells during the onset of the first peak of infection. Infection associated apoptosis of follicular B cells correlates in turn to enhanced Fas death receptor surface expression and depends on the cucial role of IFN-γ in the early onset of cell destruction. Indeed, mice deficient for the cytokine or the receptor are protected from early-stage trypanosomosis-associated FoB cell depletion. Finally, also a role for NK cells and the granule pore-forming protein perforin has been shown, indicating that trypanosomes use a multitude of mechanisms to fight the host B-cell compartment. Together these mechanisms result in the ablation of the hosts’ capacity to mount an efficient antibody mediated defense, and prevent the buildup of immunological memory against parasite components. This successfully allows the parasite to re-use previously expressed VSG sequences throughout the infection without the risk of elimination by antibody-mediated destruction.

Biography:

Masayuki Noguchi MD/PhD is finished his post doc training at NIH Bethesda to demonstrate common gamma chain as a genetic cause of XSCID.  He then took a faculty position at Harvard to start working on cell death and survival mechinery through the PI3K-AKT pathways. His recent research revealed AKT, a core intracellular survival regulator, interacts with various intracellur molecules including TCL1, TTC3, Phafin2, and Inversin, which execute its action for cell survivals, which underlies various human disease and infection.

Abstract:

Lysosome is known to degrade phagocytosed infectious particles through endocytic and autophagic pathways. Serine threonine kinase Akt (also known as PKB, protein kinase B), a core intracellular survival mediator, which underlies various human diseases, has been suggested to play an important role in the regulation of autophagy in mammalian cells. However, defined physiological function of Akt at the lysosome is currently unknown. We have reported that PtdIns(3)P-dependent lysosomal accumulation of Akt-Phafin2 complex is a critical step for autophagy induction. To characterize molecular function of activated Akt at the lysosome in the process of autophagy, we searched for the molecules which interact with Akt complex at the lysosome after induction of autophagy. By TOF/MS analysis of immune complexes of Akt at the lysosome after induction of autophagy, VRK (Vaccinia Related Protein Kinase) family kinases, a unique serine threonine family of kinases in the human kinome, were identified. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments showed that Akt interacted with VRK2 at the lysosomes. Immunofluorescent studies showed that VRK2 and phosphorylated Akt are accumulated at the lysosome after autophagy induction. VRK2 facilitates accumulation of phosphorylated Akt at the lysosome. Inhibition of VRK2 abrogated the lysosomal accumulation of phosphorylated Akt which coincides with inhibition of autophagy induction. VRK2-Akt is required for controlling lysosomal size, acidification due to insufficient biogenesis of the lysosome.

Biography:

Abstract:

Counseling in HIV and AIDS has become a core element in a holistic model of health care, in which psychological issues are recognized as integral to patient management. HIV and AIDS counseling has two general aims: (1) the prevention of HIV transmission and (2) the support of those affected directly and indirectly by HIV/AIDS and counseling can both minimize morbidity and reduce its occurrence. People who are infected with HIV have a greater risk of developing depression. Counseling helps you deal with the emotional aspects of the disease. Grief counseling can help you deal with end-of-life issues, if needed. The choice of counseling is based on individual needs, background, and symptoms. Sessions may be individual or as part of a group. There are several types of counseling: Interpersonal therapy focuses on current relationships; Cognitive-behavioral therapy identifies irrational or faulty thinking and helps to change problem behaviors; Psychodynamic therapy focuses on unresolved childhood and teenage experiences and their impact on your current thoughts and feelings. Now days there is a emerging therapeutic technique called “Mindfullness’ which has significant efficacy in reducing the burden and stress for the illness and eventually minimize the morbidity. The effectiveness of counseling varies. Some people respond very well. Others find minimal relief. Studies suggest that counseling can effectively treat people who have HIV and who also have problems with depression.

Biography:

Professor Tianhua Huang has been engaged in vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) via germline and its mechanism for more than 20 years and demonstrated that (1) HBV DNA can integrate into patients’ sperm genome and induce sperm chromosomal abnormalities; (2) spermatozoa carrying HBV genes can achieve normal fertilization; (3) the sperm-introduced HBV genes retained their competency of replication, transcription and translation in embryos; (4) HBV surface protein can trigger caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis resulting in sperm dysfunction and decreased sperm fertilizing capacity; (5) HBV gene expression is regulated by CpG methylation, host genes and microRNAs in patients’ spermatozoa and sperm-derived embryos.

He has published more than 200 research articles. For his distinguished achievement, he received 4 academic awards issued by the National Health and Family Planning Commission and Provincial Government, China. In 2006 he won the second place of the 7^th ROYAN International Research Award in Tehran Iran.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genes are able to integrate into sperm genome and can transcribe viral mRNA in spermatozoa. Sperm nucleus contains diverse RNA populations. We explored whether HBV genes could be transmitted vertically via patients’ spermatozoa and aimed to screen and identify host microRNAs regulating HBV gene expression in spermatozoa and sperm-derived embryos. Methodology & findings: Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, positive signals for HBV DNA were detected in both nuclei of 2-cell embryos derived from patients’ spermatozoa but not in control embryos. There was a significant difference in the percentage of embryos with positive signals between the test and control groups. Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), positive bands for HBV S and X genes were observed only in the test group but not in controls.

Biography:

Voravuth Somsak has completed my PhD in Biochemistry from Chiang Mai University in 2011 with the malarial research expecially genetic engineering of malaria parasite and discovery of plant extracts to have antimalarial activity using malarial-mouse model as a tool. I am a Vice Dean and the Director of Research Department, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Publications related to malaria researches have been published in PubMed. Voravuth Somsak has expertise in malaria research in mouse model including development and discovery the medicinal plant extracts to exert antimalarial activity. Additionally, generation of transgenic Plasmodium berghei in mice as in vivo model for antimalarial drug screening has been done. So far, malaria researches including prophylactic, suppressive, and curative activities of medicinal plant extracts as well as toxicity in mice against malaria mouse model are working on.

Abstract:

Malaria is still one of the most deadly parasitic disease, having a high rate of incidence and mortality across the world. The spread and development of resistance against chemical insecticides is one of the major problems associated with malaria treatment and control. Hence, plant based formulations may serve as an alternative source towards development of new drugs for treatment of malaria. The present study was aimed to validate the medicinal plant extracts against Plasmodium berghei infected mice as in vivo model. Crude extracts of the selected plants were prepared and tested for acute toxicity. The antimalarial including prophylacitc, chemosuppressive, and curative activities of these extracts were evaluated. When oral administered, no adverse and toxic effects were noted for these plant extracts ranging from 1,000-2,000 mg/kg doses signifying the safety in mice via oral route. Moreover, good chemosuppressive, moderate prophylacitc and curative activities against P. berghei infected mice of these extracts were observed. Additionally, protection body weight loss, hematological abnormalities, and prolonged mice mean survival time were also considered. The finding supports the traditional use of the plants for the treatment of malaria, and could serve as the potential source of new and novel antimalarial leads for the treatment and prevention of malaria.

Biography:

Saber Gholizadeh, male, PhD in Medical Entomology and Vector Control, graduated from Medical Entomology department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2010. He worked on Transmission Blocking Vaccine in Malaria. He was research staff and Co-PhD student in Pasteur Institute of Iran (PII), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG) since 2000.  He is Associated Prof. in Urmia University of Medical Sciences now. He has published more than 16 papers in reputed journals and serving as an editorial board member of Journal of Bacteriology and Parasitology.

Abstract:

Anopheles stephensi liston1901 is considered as an important malaria vector in Iran, Asia, and recently in the Horn of Africa. Recently, Ansteobp1 intron I sequences have been introduced as a new molecular marker for identification of An. stephensi biological forms including, mysorensis, intermediate and type, using insectary colony specimens. In the current study, new marker ability has been evaluated with An. stephensi specimens collected from Iran and Afghanistan. Following DNA extraction and PCR amplification, sequence analysis and constructed phylogenetic tree revealed that type and intermediate forms are distributed in Iran. The specimens collected from Afghanistan identified as intermediate and mysorensis forms. This is the first report on the presence of An. stephensi biological forms in Afghanistan. Based on the results of Ansteobp1 intron I sequences, An. stephensi could be suggested as new Anopheles complex species including An. stephensi sibling A (type form), An. stephensi sibling B (intermediate form) and An. stephensi sibling C (mysorensis form). Precise species identification, especially in complex species will be helpful in the prevention of malaria resurgence and impress the malaria elimination program in Iran, mainly because of common fauna of Anopheles species and through border malaria and population movement within Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iran.

Biography:

Valeria Vanegas has completed her undergraduate degree in Microbiology at University of los Andes in Colombia, and now she is about to complete a Magister of Biological Sciences. She makes part of the antimicrobial peptides of the Genetic Human Laboratory  group within her university. With previous experience in a variety of fields in microbiology, focused on health-social projects. Now she is a teacher/tutor  for undergraduate students in the courses of biochemistry and food microbiology.

Abstract:

The lack of an effective treatment and preventive measures against Malaria, represent a great persisting risk for the populations in endemic areas. Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by protozoan parasites that belong to genus the Plasmodium. More than 100 species of Plasmodium can infect different animal species, but P.falciparum has been cataloged as the most dangerous Malaria, due to the number of cases and severe symptomatology that produces in humans.

Particularly in Colombia, Malaria represents a serious public health problem. Despite the current progress in the search for new mechanisms to treat Malaria, it remains an ongoing globally challenge, mainly due to the increasing cases of resistance to current antimalarial drugs.

In this context, we propose Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) isolated from different amphibian species, who have previously shown activity against different pathogens, as a possible alternative for the treatment of  Malaria. In silico results and the hemolytic activity of the AMPs were analyzed. Results clearly demonstrate that these peptides could have an activity against Plasmodium. Overall, the data indicate the potential advantages of this strategy for the development of selective peptides as research tools and eventually as antimalarial agents.

Biography:

Xavier Fernández-Busquets started his undergraduate research career as a trainee student at the CIBA-GEIGY Zentrale Forschungslaboratorien in Basel, Switzerland. He graduated in Biochemistry at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, where he also obtained his PhD in the field of Molecular Biology. He held several postdoctoral positions, among which those at the Friedrich Miescher Institut (Novartis AG, Basel) and at the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory (Massachusetts, US). He became in 2006 Senior Researcher at the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) and since 2010 he is Head of the Nanomalaria Joint Unit (IBEC/Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal).

Abstract:

The fragile malaria parasite, Plasmodium spp., through millions of years of coevolution with its natural hosts, has developed exquisitely sophisticated strategies to survive hostile environments in the blood and in mosquito tissues. Some of its tricks are, among others, (i) using as human host cell erythrocytes, which do not emit any alarm signal when they are parasitized by the pathogen; (ii) adhering to vascular endothelia to remove itself from the circulation thus avoiding spleen clearance; and (iii) escaping to a different host (the insect) when threatened in the human. We will discuss how we might profit from these evolutionary adaptations and turn them against the parasite, e.g. by (i) harnessing erythrocytes as antimalarial drug carriers, (ii) employing as targeting elements of drug-loaded nanovectors certain cell surface ligands used by Plasmodium for its sequestration in capillaries, or (iii) drugging parasite stages in the mosquito vector and thus avoiding lengthy and expensive clinical assays.

Biography:

Abstract:

Small sizes of viruses enable them infect cells that are inaccessible to medicines of large molecules. So, termination of viral infections requires synergy between immunity and medicines. The Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) depletes lymphocytes (general immunity). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) impair the liver (innate and adaptive immunity). Since lymphocytes are not life-sustaining HIV-infections do not cause immediate death. So, its infections are chronic. The liver regenerates.  So, HBV and HCV-infections are also chronic. Their chronic nature makes the diseases require prolonged treatment before cure. Prolonged medication with antiviral medicines of biochemical-effects causes toxicity (because of similarity between viral biochemistry and human-cells` biochemistry). Medicines of physical-effects (mopping/binding) need to reach every infected cell before they can terminate infections. Under state of immune deficiency, physical-effect medicines which do not reach all infected cells cannot terminate viral infections.  Those infected cells which are inaccessible to medicines are the cells called “sanctuary-cells” or “infections-reservoirs”. Molecules of Aluminum-magnesium silicate (AMS) are made of Nanoparticles that are only 0.96nm thick (< HIV, HBV, HCV). So, they reach all infected cells.  Edges of the Nanoparticles are positively charged and their surfaces, negatively charged. HIV and HCV are positively charged while HBV is negatively charged. So, AMS-Nanoparticles bind to HIV and HCV with their surfaces and to HBV with their edges. They bind to and destroy infected cells with their edges because abnormal (infected and cancer) cells are negatively charged .The “sanctuary cells” (infected cells) are also destroyed. So, “hidden infections” are unmasked. When all particles of a virus infecting   a patient`s organs/tissues are mopped out, he or she is cured. Also, silicates are immune stimulants. Added to these, AMS stabilizes antimicrobials. Stabilizing medicines prolongs their bioavailability. Prolonging bioavailability improves efficacy of medicines. With improved efficacy, lower doses of antimicrobials achieve desired effects and use of lower doses for treatments minimizes side effects of medicines. Minimizing side effects of medicines adds to enhancement of patients` immune responses. Synergy between Antiviral effects of AMS, improvement in efficacies of antimicrobials and enhanced immune responses lead to effective treatment of both the viral infections and secondary infections. Nigeria does not have AMS {Al₂ Mg₃(SiO₄)₃}  but  there are  large deposits  of Aluminum silicate {Al₄(SiO₄)₃} and Magnesium silicate  (Mg₂SiO₄) in the country . Therefore, Aluminum silicate and Magnesium silicate were reacted to get the Medicinal synthetic Aluminum-magnesium silicate {MSAMS: Al₄ (SiO₄)₃ + 3Mg₂SiO₄ → 2Al₂ Mg₃ (SiO₄)₃}.

Biography:

Hiroshi Ohrui received Ph D. Degree (1971) from The University of Tokyo. He Joined Riken (1966) and moved to Tohoku University (1981). He worked for Dr. J. J. Fox at Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research(1972-1973) and Dr. J. G. Moffatt at Syntex Research(1973-1974).

He received several awards including The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry Award (2004), and Japan Academy Prize (2010). His research interests cover organic synthesis, chemical biology  and chiral discrimination. 

Abstract:

4’-C-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2’-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) has attracted much attention due to its extremely excellent anti-HIV activity,  for example; 1. prevent the emergence of resistant HIV mutants,  2. over 400 times more active than AZT and several orders of magnitude more active than the other clinical reverse-transcriptase inhibitor y 2’, 3’-dideoxy-nucleoside drugs,  3. very low toxic,  4. very long acting,  5. possible use for prophylaxis, and so on. 

EFdA is now under clinical investigation by Merck &  Co.  as MK-8591. 

In the beginning, my general  idea for the development  of  anti-viral modified nucleosides will be presented, and then the development of EFdA will be discussed and the clinical results by Merck will be also presented.

Biography:

Congolese doctor with more than 12 years of experience in public health, completed a degree in Internal Medicine from the University of Lubumbashi and PhD student. Provincial trainer for 5 years in HIV / AIDS, primary health care, family planning and reproductive health. 12 years experiences as Manager (Health Zone Chief Medical Officer and Health Zone Supervisor) in the Lubumbashi Health Zone. 5 years experiences in program implementation in Katanga province.

Abstract:

Objective: Estimate the retention rate in 4 clinical centers of Lubumbashi.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted to determine HIV treatment outcomes among HIV patients registered in 4 health care facilities in the Lubumbashi Health Zone providing HIV / AIDS care from January 1st to June 30th, 2015. Parmeters studied included variable socio-demographics (sex, age, marital status), clinical and immunological characteristics (WHO stage, CD4 at the start of treatment), comorbidity with HIV / AIDS, treatment outcomes.

Results: 167 patients were registered, of whom two-thirds are female and the most affected age group is between 35 and 44 years old. Two-thirds of these patients had a CD4 count <350 and a retention rate of 57.8% was observed.

Biography:

A practicing physician in the field of healthcare in the state of Kerala in India for the last 29 years and very much interested in basic research. My interest is spread across the fever , inflammation and  back pain,. I am a writer. I already printed and published nine books in these subjects. I wrote hundreds of articles in various magazines.

I presented 9 research papers in Indian Science Congress 2008 to 2017.And 2 papers selected for the coming 2018 Indian science congress. I presented 2 papers in kerala science congress2014and 2017.

After scientific studies for a long time, we have developed a theory, Which proves the temperature of fever is to increase blood circulation. we have developed 8000 affirmative cross checking questions. It  can explain all queries related with fever and  it considers the messages of the  body and the facts of physics

Abstract:

According to the facts of physics, if temperature increases, thermal expansion of an object is positive it will expand and with decrease of temperature it will shrink. Pressure will increase due to increase of temperature.

On the contrary, during fever we can see blood vessels and skin are shrunk, pressure decreases, body shivers,   sleep increases, motion decreases, inflammation increases,   body pain increases, blood circulation decreases, dislike cold substances etc...

In fever, the firing rate of Warm sensitive neurons decreases, and the firing rate of

Cold sensitive neurons increases.

At the same time if we apply hotness from outside by thermal bag or if we drink hot water, our body acts according to the Facts of Physics- increase of temperature  pressure will also increase,  expands blood vessels and skin, body sweats, motion will increase ,  inflammation will decrease , body pain will decrease, blood circulation will increase,  like cold substances etc..

During fever, why our body acts against Facts of Physics? when disease increases, pressure and temperature will decrease. Blood circulation will decrease due to decrease of pressure. If the essential temperature of the  body is going out, essential temperature and  pressure will further decrease. This will further endanger the life or action of organ.

when  disease  increase, it is the sensible and discreet action of brain  that tends to act against facts of physics  to sustain life or protect organ .There is no  way other than this for a sensible and discreet  brain to protect the  life or organ.                       

We will get a clear answer if we find out the purpose of fever,  sensible and discreet action of brain . No medical books clarify this¹

During fever, if the temperature of fever is not a surplus temperature or if it is not suppose to be eliminated from the body, the shrinking of skin and blood vessels, shivering of body, dislike towards cold substances etc are a protective covering of the body to increase blood circulation to important organs of the body it is against the facts of physics.

Biography:

Abstract:

4’-C-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2’-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) has attracted much attention due to its extremely excellent anti-HIV activity,  for example; 1. prevent the emergence of resistant HIV mutants,  2. over 400 times more active than AZT and several orders of magnitude more active than the other clinical reverse-transcriptase inhibitor y 2’, 3’-dideoxy-nucleoside drugs,  3. very low toxic,  4. very long acting,  5. possible use for prophylaxis, and so on. 

EFdA is now under clinical investigation by Merck &  Co.  as MK-8591. 

In the beginning, my general  idea for the development  of  anti-viral modified nucleosides will be presented, and then the development of EFdA will be discussed and the clinical results by Merck

will be also presented.

Biography:

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to determine the HIV carries status of commercial blood donors visiting university of Benin  Teaching Hospital Benin City, Nigeria.

A total of 3515, prospective commercial blood donors attending UBTH were screened for Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) using cap illus HIV- 1/HIV-2 kits and were confirmed by immune comb HIV-1 /HIV-2 Bispot. Reagents were used according to manufacture’s instructions.  

Biography:

Leila Azimi. I am research assistance professor in Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. I am 35 years old. My research filed is antibiotic resistance and also molecular epidemiology. Our research group are doing national project about global threating bacteria according to priority of WHO. I will report the results of this study in your scientific congress.  

Abstract:

Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide health problem.  Antibiotic resistance can increase rate of mortality and morbidity especially in immunosuppress patients like hospitalized one. Antibiotic-resistant infections add considerable costs to the nation’s already overburdened health care system. Estimates regarding the medical cost per patient with an antibiotic-resistant infection range from $18,588 to $29,069 in 2015. The total economic burden placed on the U.S. economy by antibiotic-resistant infections has been estimated to be as high as $20 billion in health care costs. It can be considerable that making and introducing new antibiotics are very low because there is no economic justification because of early appearance of resistance. The most critical group of all includes multidrug resistant bacteria that pose a particular threat in hospitals, nursing homes, and among patients whose care requires devices such as ventilators and blood catheters. They include Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas and various Enterobacteriaceae (including Klebsiella, E. coli, Serratia, and Proteus). They can cause severe and often deadly infections such as bloodstream infections and pneumonia.

Biography:

Fatemeh Fallah. I am professor of  Medical Microbiology in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMy research filed is medical bacteriology and also I am working on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our research group are doing national project about global threating bacteria according to priority of WHO. I will report the results of this study in your scientific congress.  

Abstract:

Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the important cause of nosocomial infection in health care systems. A. baumannii has been shown to acquire antibiotic resistance elements quickly. Recently, this Gram-negative bacilli has shown resistance to the most of available antibiotics followed by emergence of multiple (MDR) and extensive drug resistance (XDR) strains. This has partly been due to extensive use of broad spectrum antibiotics especially in burned patients. Aminoglycoside used with beta- lactam antibiotics commonly. So, resistance to aminoglycoside can lead to appearance MDR strains of A. baumannii.

MDR strains of A. baumannii can make serious problem and increase mortality and morbidity especially in immunosuppress patients like hospitalized one.

Biography:

Dr Lydia N. Melek has completed her PhD from Alexandria University, Egypt and works as a faculty member of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt. She is a member of the International Association of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons (IAOMS), and a reviewer in the Peer Review Board of Alexandria Dental Journal. She is also a holder of the American National Dental Board, and a visiting research fellow at King’s College London, UK. She has multiple published papers in addition to supervision of several master theses at Alexandria University.

Abstract:

Oral and Maxillofacial infections often jeopardize patients’ lives. Most of the orofacial infections are odontogenic in origin, with endogenous bacteria gaining access to deeper tissues. Early infection is often initiated by high-virulence aerobic organisms (commonly streptococci) which cause cellulitis, followed by mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections. As the infection becomes more chronic, the anaerobic bacteria predominate and eventually the infection becomes exclusively anaerobic.

Regional intracranial spread of infection to the cavernous sinus, and also to the mediastinum is likely for those who are immunocompromised and left untreated. This may lead to lethal complications.

In this presentation, the unique pathophysiological features of maxillofacial infections will be reviewed, and therapeutic procedures will be discussed. In addition, a hint will be given about Ludwig’s angina, necrotizing fasciitis, and osteomyelitis of the jaws

Biography:

Segundo Mesa Castillo. As Specialist in Neurology, he worked for 10 years in the Institute of Neurology of Havana, Cuba.  He has worked in Electron Microscopic Studies on Schizophrenia for 32 years. He was awarded with the International Price of the Stanley Foundation Award Program and for the Professional Committee to work as a fellowship position in the Laboratory of the Central Nervous System Studies, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke under Dr. Joseph Gibbs for a period of 6 months, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Washington D.C. USA, June 5, 1990. At present he is member of the Scientific Board of the Psychiatric Hospital of Havana and give lectures to residents in psychiatry.

Abstract:

There is increasing evidences that favor the prenatal beginning of schizophrenia. These evidences point toward intra-uterine environmental factors that act specifically during the second pregnancy trimester producing a direct damage of the brain of the fetus. The current available technology doesn't allow observing what is happening at cellular level since the human brain is not exposed  to a direct analysis in that stage of the life in subjects at high risk of developing schizophrenia. Methods. In 1977 we began a direct electron microscopic research of the brain of fetuses at high risk from schizophrenic mothers in order to finding differences at cellular level in relation to controls. Results. In these studies we have observed within the nuclei of neurons the presence of complete and incomplete viral particles that reacted in positive form with antibodies to herpes simplex hominis type I [HSV1] virus, and mitochondria alterations. Conclusion. The importance of these findings can have practical applications in the prevention of the illness keeping in mind its direct relation to the aetiology and physiopathology of schizophrenia. A study of amniotic fluid cells in women at risk of having a schizophrenic offspring is considered. Of being observed the same alterations that those observed previously in the cells of the brain of the studied foetuses, it would intend to these women in risk of having a schizophrenia descendant, previous information of the results, the voluntary medical interruption of the pregnancy or an early anti HSV1 viral treatment as preventive measure of the later development of the illness.

Biography:

Abstract:

New strategies to develop the efficacy of drugs are required to treat the emerging infectious diseases and microbial resistance. A new effective strategy is to design drugs combined with metal nanoparticles to overcome infections of multidrug-resistant microbes. In this study, three different forms of silver nanoparticles (S1-S3) were prepared. The three forms were investigated against coxackieviruses and 5 fungal strains (against Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Geotricum candidum, Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton mentagrophytes). For antibacterial and anticancer evaluation, S2 was used. All forms showed antiviral activities against virus replication with TI ranged from 0.4 to 30 and reduction in virus titers ranged from 0 to 4 log₁₀ TCID₅₀, where S3 showed the maximum antiviral effect followed by S1 and S2. On the other hand, Ag-NPs S2 exhibited antifungal activities against 5 fungus, mostly against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. No antifungal activities were observed from S1 and S3 forms. Ag-NP S2 showed antibacterial effects against gram negative Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, and Enterobacter cloacae) and positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans). In contrast, no activity was observed from Ag-NP S2 against some negative bacteria (Proteus mirabilis and Serratia plymuthica) and positive bacteria (Micrococcus boride, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and MRSA). Furthermore Ag-NPs displayed a significant cytotoxic potential in cancerous Hep-G2 and A549 cell lines. These findings indicate that Ag-NPs can be utilized as antimicrobial and anticancer agent.

Biography:

Shahnaz Armin. I am sub specialist of pediatric infectious diseases in Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. My research filed is medical microbiology and also I antibiotic resistance. Our research group are doing national project about global threating bacteria according to priority of WHO. I will report the results of this study in your scientific congress.   

Abstract:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of most prevalent and important Gram-negative bacteria in hospital can cause healthcare association infection in hospitals. Multi drug resistance (MDR) strains for these microorganisms can create drastically therapeutic challenges. During the last decade, first line antibiotic resistance using for the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria infections are increasing globally and in the recent decade resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics such as carbapenemas as a broad spectrum antibiotic has become increasingly prevalent. Resistance associated with production of carbapenemase and also, efflux pump are the important problem in the health care systems. Carbapenemase can hydrolyze all of beta- lactam antibiotics except monobactam in some case. Efflux pump can eject different classes of antibiotics to outside of bacteria and make resistance to them. So, these two important antibiotic resistance mechanisms can lead to appearance of multi drug resistance P. aeruginosa. This study report the rate of different important carbapenemase and also increase of gene expression in efflux pump in P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from some burden cities in Iran.  

Biography:

Dr Ravindra P. Turankar, working as Research Scientist at Stanley Browne Laboratory The Leprosy Mission Trust India since1^st March 2009.  Ten years of research experience in Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Immunology of Mycobacteria. He has published 20 research article in the reputed scientific journals and attended 29 national and International conferences. He was called as Group leader in symposium at Texas Medical Centre, Houston, USA

Abstract:

Diagnosis of leprosy is mainly based on the cardinal signs of the disease and the classification of paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB) cases are based on the number of skin lesions and nerve involvement.  The present study was carried out to find out the important role played by the criterion of presence of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in slit skin smear (SSS) in classification of a case to MB. Further, in addition, presence of AFB and viable M. leprae were also determined in nasal swab smear (NSS) of all these cases to understand the role in transmission of infection. SSSs and NSSs were stained by Zeihl-Neelsen (Z-N) staining method for AFB. RNAs were extracted from 120 NS samples by using standard laboratory method. NSS and SSS were examined by direct microscopy and viability of M. leprae in NS samples were determined by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Control NS samples from 50 occupational staffs from hospitals were used as controls PB cases from tertiary care hospitals of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) and Safdarjung (Government of India), Delhi classified by number of patches showed presence of acid fast bacilli (AFB) in 7.5% of NSS and 15% of SSS samples respectively. 

Biography:

Jia-Ching Shieh’s research interests are on genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors involved in a variety of human diseases, which are in concert with the subjects of his teaching. His main research focus presently addresses the mechanism underlying morphological plasticity of the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, which is significant in both biology and medicine. His studies revealed the cross-talk between morphogenesis and stress and nutrient responses, and the role of epigenetic regulation in morphological plasticity and are under further investigation using classical approaches of genetics, molecular biology, cell biology and biochemistry incorporated with cutting edge technologies of functional genomics, proteomics, and epigenomics. To overcome C. albicans having a non-canonical codon usage and being a diploid without a complete sexual cycle, novel and non-genetic platforms have been established to reinforce revealing unique genes involved in morphogenesis and other virulence-related factors.

Abstract:

We have previously identified Candida albicans GPH1 (orf19.7021) as one of the C. albicans Cdc4 associated proteins by affinity purification. Significantly, we showed that constitutively expression CaGPH1 partially suppresses the filamentation where the expression of CaCDC4 is repressed. CaGPH1 gene is a putative glycogen phosphorylase as its Saccharomyces cerevisiaehomolog is known to participate in carbohydrate metabolism, particularly in glycogen catabolism that is associated with synthesis of b-glucan of the fungal cell wall. Hence, we establishedCaGPH1 null mutant strain and used to perform the in vitro virulence assays that are attributed to the affection of cell wall function. The in vitro virulence assay is centered on biofilm formation in which analytic procedures to evaluate the ability in germ tube formation, cell surface hydrophobicity, calcium-dependent flocculation, association with fibronectin, stress resistance, and XTT-based adhesion and biofilm formation are performed. Compared with the wild-type strain, the Cagph1D/Cagph1D mutant showed a decrease in the ability to form germ tube and the cell surface hydrophobicity but an increase in the capacity to associate with fibronectin. Ca²⁺-dependent flocculation did not appear to be different between the wild-type and the null mutant strains. In comparison with the wild-type strain, the Cagph1D/Cagph1D mutant exhibited an increase in adhesion, the early phase of biofilm formation, but showed the same ability to form a mature biofilm. No significant effect on Cagph1D/Cagph1D mutant in regarding to the conditions of cell wall damaging and TOR pathway-associated nutrient depletion. We conclude that the loss of CaGPH1 affects only some of the specific features related to cell wall structure, and the sum of these alterations are insufficient to reflect the ability of C. albicans to form a mature biofilm, hence the overall virulence.

Biography:

Robert Pintarič is a Assistant on Faculty of Health science, Maribor Slovenia Research Assistant in University Medical Centre Maribor. Graduated engineer of radiology 1997-2000 Faculty of Health, University of Ljubljana Slovenia. Specialist of information science within health care and health nursing 2005-2006 Faculty of Health Science Maribor, University of Maribor Slovenia. Master of Science in radiology and tehnology 2013-2014 Faculty of Health, University of Ljubljana Slovenia. PhD student of Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School University of Ljubljana and PhD student Faculty of Psihology department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience University of Maribor. Works at University Medical Center Maribor Department of Radiology, speciality magnetic resonance diagnostics 3.0 T, seventeen years of experiences of angiography, intervention radiology and cardiology.

Abstract:

Represented work is focused on the use of electrolyzed oxidizing water (EO water) Steriplant^®N in medicine and Public Health.  Use of EO water in the environment is a complex situation. In our then years work is distributed an application of EO water in medicine and used on the and impact on pathogenic microorganisms and materials.  It revises the different types of EO water, its advantages and disadvantages, types of generation devices, the microbial inactivation mechanism, and factors affecting its efficacy.

Biography:

Huang Wei Ling, born in Taiwan, raised in Brazil since the age of one, graduated in medicine in Brazil, specialist in infectious and parasitic diseases, a General Practitioner and Parenteral and Enteral Medical Nutrition Therapist. Once in charge of the Hospital Infection Control Service of the City of Franca’s General Hospital, she was responsible for the control of all prescribed antimicrobial medication, and received and award for the best paper presented at the Brazilian Hospital Infection Control Congess in 1998. Since 1997, she has been presenting her work worldwide, concerning the treatment of various diseases, using techniques based on several medical traditions around the world.
 

Abstract:

Statement of the problem: Few publications provide sound scientific data used to determine which components are essential for Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) programs in terms of effectiveness in reducing the risk of infection. However there remains a major gap in relation to the availability of international best practice principles for core components of IPC programs. The purpose of this study was to show why patients still catch hospital infections despite IPC programs. A better understanding of a variety of theories is needed that could explain the physiopathology of diverse diseases described in the medical past history, which are usually disregarded clinically today. The methodology used was a review of these theories such as those presented by Hippocrates (“Natural forces within us are the true healers of disease.”), as well as others from oriental medicine, which explain that diseases originate from three factors: external (exposure to cold, heat, humidity, wind and dryness), internal (emotional) and dietary. Findings: Having a broader view of the patient as a whole (Yin, Yang, Qi, Blood energy and Heat retention), we can understand better the formation of hospital infection which is a systemic energy reaction of our body undergoing normal hospital treatment. Conclusion: To understand better why a patient is still catching hospital infections, despite these IPC programs, we need to broaden our view observing all emotional, environmental and dietary factors, as well as studying his energy situation at the moment of admittance identifying his risk of hospital infection.

Biography:

Prof. Magez completed his PhD in 1997 at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) in 1997. After several years of post-doctoral research at the VUB, the University of Cape Town, South Africa and at UMASS, Amherst, USA he returned to the VUB to lead the research group of Structural Immunoparasirology. In 2010 Prof. Magez became a group leader at the Flanders Institute for Biotechnology and in 2015 he moved to the Ghent University Global Campus as a director of the Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, a post that he combines today with his position as Research Professor at the VUB.

Abstract:

Animal African trypanosomosis, is caused by parasites of the Trypanosoma genus, mainly T. vivax and T. congolense. Active case-finding and the identification of infected animals prior to initiation of drug treatment requires the availability of sensitive and specific diagnostic tests. Recently, we describe the development of two heterologous sandwich assay formats (ELISA and LFA) for T. congolense detection using of Nanobodies (Nbs). The immunization of an alpaca with a secretome mix from two T. congolense strains resulted in the identification of a Nb pair (Nb44/Nb42) that specifically targets the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase. The Nb44/Nb42 ELISA and LFA can be employed to detect parasitaemia in plasma samples from experimentally infected mice and cattle and they can serve as ’test-of-cure’ tools. These findings present the development and evaluation of the first Nb-based antigen detection LFA to identify active T. congolense infections. In a next step, we are developing a similar diagnostic tool for the detection of T. evansi. This parasite has moved out of Africa and is present in large areas of Asia and South America and threatens livestock farming in the Southern regions of Europe. Hence the goal is to develop a lateral flow device that can accurately diagnose T. evansi trypanosomiasis and can in parallel be used as a test-of-cure when treatment has been applied to target animals. Taken that several reports have now indicated that T. evansi can also cause a direct threat to human health, tackling this trypanosome infection will become a serious necessity in the future.

Biography:

Rosie D. Lyles, MD, MHA, MSc is the Director of Clinical Affairs at Medline Industries, Inc. She serves as the medical/clinical expert and primary medical science liaison for numerous healthcare businesses; supporting all scientific research as well as clinical and product intervention design and development. With over a decade of experience investigating hospital associated infections  (HAIs) with a particular focus on the epidemiology and prevention of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) such as C. difficile, MRSA, and CRE infections in acute care hospitals and long-term acute care hospitals as a physician-researcher at Cook County Health and Hospitals System. Dr. Lyles has directed numerous clinical studies and infection control bundled interventions for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Chicago Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Prevention Epicenter with numerous authored peer-reviewed journal articles related to infectious disease epidemiology.

Abstract:

Multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Clostridium difficile and Candida auris are increasing in prevalence worldwide, resulting in infections that are extremely difficult and expensive to treat. Patients across the continuum of care may be faced with colonization with several MDROs. To avoid outbreaks across a region, which can occur in the absence of a coordinated approach; hospitals are looking for effective solutions to reduce transmission (via direct and indirect contact) and prevent hospital-acquired infections (HAIs).

Biography:

Dr. Vijay Kumar had completed his PhD at the age of 32 years from Patna University and successfully dedicated his excellent 30 years of his active scientific attitude with entomological proficiency especially in the field of VL vector bionomics. His proficient contribution to the field was so impressive and highly recognized by the Government of India that after his retirement from the post of Deputy Director, Scientist-E & Head of Department, Department of Vector Biology and Control at Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (ICMR), Agamkuan, Patna-07, Bihar he is serving as an ICMR consultant at RMRIMS (ICMR), Agamkuan, Patna-07, Bihar. 

Abstract:

In Bihar, phlebotomine sand flies were supposed to be highly susceptible to organochlorine insecticides but preferably and injudicious application of DDT for controlling VL vector had imposed the situation of vector resistance, where spraying with DDT has continued since 1976. In this regard, pyrethroids being synthetic analogues of pyrethrins, effectively deployed for controlling malaria vector population with satisfactory results. But, mass application and replacement of Alphacypermethrin 5% with DDT, for controlling VL vector population had never been reported in context to Indian scenario. With financial support and supervision of NVBDCP, study was implemented purposely to monitor and evaluate the efficacy of Alphacypermethrine 5% as SP-IRS and comparing those with DDT-IRS for controlling VL vector at Bihar regime. Under the sanctioned project in year 2016, villages Vaishali (high endemic district) and Samastipur (low endemic district) were selected and targeted for intervention with SP-IRS i.e., 5% Alphacypermethrin while the village of Patna served as positive control arm for the treatment with 50% w.p DDT. Following to the IRS intervention at selected sites, efficacy of Alphacypermethrin was evaluated and compared with those of DDT for their residual effect using the WHO cone bioassay and monthly sand fly collection.

Biography:

Shi has completed his PhD from Kaohsiung Medical University. He is the director of pathology and laboratory medicine department, Kaohsiung Veterans Hospital Tainan Branch.

Abstract:

Introduction: Carbapenems are a last line of defense against many drug-resistant bacterial infections. Multi-drug-resistant bacteria have been common in Taiwan hospital such as ICUs, RCW and Chronic Ward. There is also prevalence in community care institutions. It is always threaten of patient life.

Material and Methods: We reviewed 371 chronic and acute patients more than 21 days of hospitalization. The specimen sources were sputum, urine, wounds and body fluids. The identification and susceptibility test used BD Phoenix ^TM 100 Automatic Microbiology System.

Results: We from 285 patients and 472 samples and 441 samples (93.3%) were Pan-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii was isolated, and from  88.4% sputum, 6.3% urine, 4.6% wounds and 0.7% body fluids, respectively. And the others, we also from

86 patients and 356 specimens and 142 specimens (40%) were Pan-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated, and from 95.4% sputum and 4.6% urine samples.

Conclusions: For a long time, Carbapenem antibiotics still have been the treatment of the first choice for Acinetobacter Baumannii and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. And in the past, it has been successfully used to treat β-lactam antibiotic for Acinetobacter Baumannii and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, now the effect of the treatment of Carbapenem for A. Baumannii and P. Aeruginosa have also been greatly reduced in. And now, many CR-AB (Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii) and CR-PA (Carbapenem-resistant P. Aeruginosa) resistance has increased. We also find the vancomycin resistant enterococci has elevated in our hospital. Therefore, clinicians not yet confirmed patients infected with the bacterial species, if the patient condition permission, do not using antibiotics before the Medical laboratory scientist identification of bacteria and drug sensitivity test reports. So, the clinician’s has prudent choice of appropriate antibiotic treatment to prevent bacterial resistance.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Abstract:

The control of infectious diseases in FB&H is regulated by the Law. According to this Law 84 diseases are reportable. Diagnostic of infectious diseases  for about 2.200.000 inhabitants is carried out in 40 laboratories.There are no adequate diagnostics for a large number of diseases and it is not possible to set causative diagnosis. Treatment of patients with infectious diseases is performed in 6 health centers with 274 hospital beds. Epidemiological surveillance is organized through 10 public health institutes (one in each canton). All the cases of infectious diseases are not reported because of different reason. One is no computerization of the health system yet. Some reports come to epidemiological services with delays which makes difficultis in implementation measures. Among reported cases dominant infectious diseases are those transmitted by air and transmitted by food and water. Because of the strengthening of the anti-vaccine movement, vaccine-preventable diseases also occur.

Biography:

Works internationally for several medical and biotech companies as scientific advisory board member and is also an active reserve-officer of the Royal Dutch Navy in his rank as Commander (OF4). For the Dutch Armed Forces he is CBRNe specialist with focus on (micro)biological and chemical threats and medical- and environmental functional specialist within the 1st CMI (Civil Military Interaction) Battalion of the Dutch Armed Forces. For Expertise France he is now managing an EU CBRN CoE public health project in West Africa. He is visiting professor at the University of Rome Tor Vergata giving lectures for the CBRN Master study. In his civilian position he is at this moment developing with MT-Derm in Berlin (Germany) a novel interdermal vaccination technology as well as a new therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis for which he has won a Canadian ‘Grand Challenge’ grant. With Hemanua in Dublin (Ireland) he has developed an innovative blood separation unit, which is also suitable to produce convalescent plasma for Ebola Virus Disease therapy. He has finished both his studies in Medicine and in Biochemistry in The Netherlands with a doctorate and has extensive practical experience in cell biology, immuno-haematology, infectious diseases, biodefense and transfusion medicine. His natural business acumen and negotiation competence helps to initiate new successful businesses, often generated from unexpected combinations of technologies.

Abstract:

Public health systems are not always prepared for outbreaks of infectious diseases. Although in the past several public health institutes, like the French ‘Institut Pasteur’ and the Dutch ‘Tropeninstituut‘, were prominent surveyors of infectious diseases, the investments in worldwide public health have decreased. Now more attention is given to curative healthcare compared to preventive healthcare. The recent Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in West Africa initiated a new wave of interest to invest in Worldwide Public Health to prevent outbreaks of highly contagious diseases.

Zoonotic diseases are threatening as the population does not have natural nor artificial (from vaccination) immune response to new diseases like in the Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in 2014. The new strain of the Ebola Virus in West Africa was slightly less lethal, compared to other Ebola Virus strains, but the threat of spreading was far bigger as it had a longer incubation time.

Most public health systems are not trained well enough to mitigate highly infectious and deadly disease outbreaks. NGO’s helping to fight the outbreak are often better trained in curative treatments and have less experience with biological (bioweapon) threats for which the military are trained for. The UNMEER mission was unique in this. It was a setting in which military and civilian actors cooperate in fighting a biological threat. Protection is essential for health workers. Smart systems have to be developed to prevent further spreading of the disease, but it is not only the biosafety, which has to be considered, but also the biosecurity, as misuse of extremely dangerous strains of microorganisms cannot be excluded.

Several zoonotic infectious diseases, like anthrax, smallpox and hemorrhagic fevers are listed as potential bioweapons. Therefor both biosafety and biosecurity have to be implemented in all measures to fight outbreaks of highly infectious diseases. 

Biography:

Hiroshi Ohrui received Ph D. Degree (1971) from The University of Tokyo. He Joined Riken

(1966) and moved to Tohoku University (1981). He worked for Dr. J. J. Fox at Sloan-Kettering

Institute for Cancer Research(1972-1973) and Dr. J. G. Moffatt at Syntex Research(1973-1974).

He received several awards including The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry Award

 (2004), and Japan Academy Prize (2010). His research interests cover organic synthesis,

chemical biology  and chiral discrimination. 

Abstract:

4’-C-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2’-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) has attracted much attention due to its extremely excellent anti-HIV activity,  for example; 1. prevent the emergence of resistant HIV mutants,  2. over 400 times more active than AZT and several orders of magnitude more active than the other clinical reverse-transcriptase inhibitor y 2’, 3’-dideoxy-nucleoside drugs,  3. very low toxic,  4. very long acting,  5. possible use for prophylaxis, and so on. 

EFdA is now under clinical investigation by Merck &  Co.  as MK-8591. 

In the beginning, my general  idea for the development  of  anti-viral modified nucleosides will be presented, and then the development of EFdA will be discussed and the clinical results by Merck

will be also presented.

Biography:

Hiroshi Ohrui received Ph D. Degree (1971) from The University of Tokyo. He Joined Riken (1966) and moved to Tohoku University (1981). He worked for Dr. J. J. Fox at Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research(1972-1973) and Dr. J. G. Moffatt at Syntex Research(1973-1974).

He received several awards including The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry Award (2004), and Japan Academy Prize (2010). His research interests cover organic synthesis, chemical biology  and chiral discrimination. 

Abstract:

4’-C-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2’-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) has attracted much attention due to its extremely excellent anti-HIV activity,  for example; 1. prevent the emergence of resistant HIV mutants,  2. over 400 times more active than AZT and several orders of magnitude more active than the other clinical reverse-transcriptase inhibitor y 2’, 3’-dideoxy-nucleoside drugs,  3. very low toxic,  4. very long acting,  5. possible use for prophylaxis, and so on. 

EFdA is now under clinical investigation by Merck &  Co.  as MK-8591. 

In the beginning, my general  idea for the development  of  anti-viral modified nucleosides will be presented, and then the development of EFdA will be discussed and the clinical results by Merck

will be also presented.

Biography:

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to determine the HIV carries status of commercial blood donors visiting university of Benin  Teaching Hospital Benin City, Nigeria.

A total of 3515, prospective commercial blood donors attending UBTH were screened for Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV) using cap illus HIV- 1/HIV-2 kits and were confirmed by immune comb HIV-1 /HIV-2 Bispot. Reagents were used according to manufacture’s instructions.  

Biography:

Ruqayyah Hamidu Muhammad obtained her first degree in Microbiology from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi. A masters degree in Parasitology from Bayero University, Kano and a PhD in Zoology from Ahmadu Bello, University, Zaria. She is presently a senior lecturer with Federal University Dutse and has supervised several undergraduate and postgraduate students. She has also published and reviewed more than twenty (20) papers in reputable journals. Ruqayyah is happily married and blessed with five (5) children.

Abstract:

Malaria is a devastating disease affecting Nigerians, with a quarter of all malaria cases and deaths in the world occurring in Nigeria. It is a disease affecting every sector of the Nigerian economy from Agriculture, Industries, Education to Tourism. Due to the enormous economic drain of malaria, governments in Africa and especially Nigeria in line with resolutions made at the Abuja summit 2000 vowed to end the menace of malaria by 2020. Now eighteen years later malaria is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Strategy of vector control involving the use of Long-lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN), Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) and larviciding of breeding sites would have worked perfectly in Nigerian set up. However this has been marred by many issues, where the LLIN were given freely to almost every household only a few are used appropriately. IRS and larviciding has been left in the hands of the people who use several unauthorized chemical concoctions, creating vector resistance and harm to the environment. The second strategy of prompt diagnosis and treatment of all fevers, which is costly, paved way to introduction of low sensitive Rapid Diagnosis Tests (RDTs) kits and adulterated drugs causing misdiagnosis, mistreatment and encouraged self-medication. In conclusion since no vaccine is 100% successful yet, the need to exploit our locally available plants with insecticidal properties cannot be over emphasized as in my opinion vector control is the key to malaria control, while curtailing the challenges of resistance, affordability, safety as well as acceptability.